From conception through the first days of life, early care plays a vital role in laying the foundation for a child’s lifelong health. According to Dr Sharmina Kamal Binti Shamsul Kamal, Consultant Obstetrician and Gynaecologist at Sunway Medical Centre, Sunway City (SMC), preparation for a healthy pregnancy should ideally begin even before a positive pregnancy test.

She explained that good health ideally starts before pregnancy, and women are encouraged to undergo medical check-ups to detect conditions such as diabetes, hypertension or other underlying health issues. If present, these conditions should be optimised early. With rising rates of diabetes and hypertension among young Malaysians, pre-pregnancy screening has become increasingly important, as undiagnosed or poorly controlled conditions can affect both mother and baby. She also highlighted the importance of reviewing medications to ensure they are safe for use during pregnancy.

Dr Sharmina further stressed that folic acid supplementation is equally critical and should begin even before conception, as the baby’s neural tube develops very early in pregnancy. Starting folic acid early provides the best protection against serious neural tube defects.


During pregnancy, each trimester represents key stages of development. The first trimester is the most delicate, as the baby’s organs begin forming, while the second and third trimesters focus on growth, maturation and bonding, as babies become more responsive to voices and movement. She noted that diet is often underestimated during pregnancy, yet inadequate nutrition in the mother can directly affect the baby’s development.

She advised expectant mothers to avoid smoking and alcohol, limit caffeine intake and prioritise a balanced diet. In Malaysia, iron, calcium and vitamin D deficiencies are commonly observed among pregnant women. Iron deficiency can lead to anaemia, causing fatigue and increasing the risk of poor foetal growth, while calcium and vitamin D deficiencies can weaken maternal bone health during and after pregnancy. However, supplements should only be taken under medical supervision, alongside a nutritious diet rich in protein, leafy greens, whole grains and dairy or fortified alternatives.

Antenatal visits, she emphasised, are far more than routine check-ups. These appointments are essential to ensure the pregnancy is progressing well, detect complications early and confirm that the baby is developing as expected. Early scans help establish viability and accurate dating, while regular monitoring up to 28 weeks, and beyond if needed, allows doctors to closely observe the baby, placenta and amniotic fluid. Conditions such as preeclampsia and gestational diabetes can often be identified before symptoms become severe.


During festive seasons, Dr Sharmina encouraged moderation rather than restriction. She advised mothers to enjoy celebrations while maintaining balanced meals, avoiding alcohol, ensuring food is properly cooked and getting adequate rest. Sufficient sleep, proper hydration and balanced activity levels are important for maternal wellbeing.

After childbirth, the first hours are especially important. She recommended immediate skin-to-skin contact, which helps stabilise the baby’s blood sugar, supports breastfeeding and strengthens early bonding between mother and child.

Emotionally, many mothers may experience temporary postpartum blues, affecting around 60 to 80 per cent of women in the first two weeks after delivery. However, persistent sadness, withdrawal or worsening symptoms may indicate postpartum depression and should be promptly evaluated by a healthcare professional. Physical recovery also requires attention, particularly if there is increasing pain, fever, poor wound healing or abnormal discharge.

During confinement, proper nourishment is essential to support healing and breast milk production. Adequate intake of protein, iron and fluids is important, while restricting water intake may lead to dehydration, reduced milk supply and increased risk of blood clots. Gentle movement is encouraged to improve circulation, while prolonged immobility should be avoided. Family support plays a key role, especially in helping reduce household responsibilities so parents can focus on recovery and bonding with their newborn. 


Breastfeeding offers significant health benefits, although many mothers face challenges due to limited support or misinformation. Early milk production is naturally small, requiring frequent feeding to establish supply. Education, workplace understanding and family encouragement are therefore essential in supporting successful breastfeeding.

As families gather to welcome a newborn, simple practices such as proper hand hygiene and limiting close contact when the baby is very young can help reduce infection risks while still maintaining meaningful family connections.

Dr Sharmina concluded that with informed decisions, appropriate medical care and strong family support, mothers can experience a healthier pregnancy journey and give their children the best possible start in life.